Rafinesque 1815a
Funkhouser 1951a
Metcalf and Wade 1965a
Deitz 1975a
Dietrich and McKamey 1995a
McKamey 1998a
Godoy et al. 2006a
Lin et al. 2004a
Wallace 2010a
McKamey 2022a
Animalia → Arthropoda → Insecta → Pterygota → Hemiptera → Auchenorrhyncha → Cicadomorpha → Membracoidea → Membracidae → Membracinae
Membracini Rafinesque, 1815
Synonyms (and unplaced invalid names)
Bolbonotini Goding, 1926
Selected references
Overview
Dietrich and McKamey’s (1995a) morphological phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily Membracinae indicated that the tribe Membracini is likely paraphyletic. Although a molecular analysis (Lin et al. 2004a) supported the recognition of Bolbonotini as a tribe distinct from the Membracini, Bayesian and parsimony analyses of the data differ with respect to whether the Bolbonota group (Bolbonota, Tritropidia, and Erechtia) or Membracini sensu stricto are the sister group of the Hoplophorionini; also key genera (Bolbonotodes, Eunusa, Havilandia, Lewdeitzia, Paragara, and Talipes) were not represented in this study. A revised classification of the tribe Membracini necessarily awaits a thorough taxonomic revision of its included genera based on sound phylogenetic analyses (Dietrich and McKamey 1995a).
Taxon images
Distribution
Neotropical and Nearctic regions; questionably Indomalayan region. The tribe Membracini occurs throughout the tropical and temperate regions of the Americas, including the West Indies. There is also one questionable record of Erechtia in India.
Diagnostic characters
Pronotum various, from strongly convex with longitudinal carinae to bilaterally compressed and foliaceous with elevated median carina, some groups with median horn projecting anterodorsally. Forewing venation simple, not reticulate; claval apex truncate; apical limbus broad. Pro- and mesothoracic tibiae slightly to extremely foliaceous. Metathoracic tibia with prominent cucullate setae in rows I and II, row II absent; tarsus not reduced.
Taxonomic constituents
Bolbonota Amyot and Serville, 1843 Amyot and Serville, 1843
Bolbonotodes Fowler, 1894 Fowler, 1894
Enchenopa Amyot and Serville, 1843 Amyot and Serville, 1843
Enchophyllum Amyot and Serville, 1843 Amyot and Serville, 1843
Eunusa Fonseca, 1974 Fonseca, 1974
Folicarina Sakakibara, 1992 Sakakibara, 1992
Havilandia Dietrich and McKamey, 1995 Dietrich and McKamey, 1995
Kronides Kirkaldy, 1904 Kirkaldy, 1904
Leioscyta Fowler, 1894 Fowler, 1894
Lewdeitzia Dietrich and McKamey, 1995 Dietrich and McKamey, 1995
Membracis Fabricius, 1775 Fabricius, 1775
Paragara Goding, 1926 Goding, 1926
Phyllotropis Stål, 1869 Stål, 1869
Tritropidia Stål, 1869 Stål, 1869
Tropidoscyta Stål, 1869 Stål, 1869
Tylopelta Fowler, 1894 Fowler, 1894
Prepared by
Lewis L. Deitz, Matthew S. Wallace, and Mark J. Rothschild, 21 September 2022.